Dinka, nuer, shilluk are the main tribes of the nilotic ethnic group. In the meantime, south sudan will be forced to rely on the existing pipeline to port sudan to get its crude oil to export markets. Types and causes of conflict in southern sudan the ethnic groups that are found in southern sudan consist of the nilotics, nilohamites, bantu and sudanese ethnic groups. South sudan is home to more than 60 ethnic groups, with the dinka. In 2008, the splm held its second national convention, the first since the signing of the cpa. Hence, cpa brought only political divorce while the conflict between the two states continues to prevail. Dinka and nuer tribes of south sudan chic african culture. Nuer soldiers and civilians reportedly attacked dinkas and foreigners in nearby villages.
Southern sudan, therefore, has no historical claim to being a part of bilad es sudan since it never belonged to it. The nuer is one of the best known of all ethnographic studies, and the reason for this is clear. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. They speak the nuer language, which belongs to the nilotic language family. The nuer customary law south sudan humanitarian project.
Much of its work in southern sudan is through crossborder operations conducted by ols southern sector based in nairobi. Womens work is analyzed in relation to the role of rural. South sudan s civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. The dinka and nuer translations will be widely disseminated among civil society groups in sudan as well as to the dinka and nuer diasporas.
The roots cause of cross border conflict in gambella. A cultural profile of the nuer people of south sudan. They live along the nile river and move farther up from the banks in the high flood season. South sudans secession was the one thing only few south sudanese disagreed on. Introduction south sudan s independence from sudan in 2011 did not resolve internal conflicts in either country. Jul 07, 1999 sudanese tribes confront modern war by karl vick, washington post foreign service wednesday, july 7, 1999. Jikany and lou nuer populations in sudan pressed hard against anyuak communities along southern bank of the sobat river and on the sudanese side of the pibor river, squeezing them further to the south and east and into ethiopia. From northsouth to nuerdinka conflict endalcachew bayeh p a g e 289 unwelcomed event for north sudan. Covers important events in britains involvement in africa that have repercussions today in south sudan. E download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
They are concentrated in south sudan, with some also found in southwestern ethiopia. Sudan s war in darfur never stopped, and in the months surrounding south sudan s independence, war broke out in sudan s disputed abyei, as well as south kordofan and blue nile. Evanspritchard lineage system tribal unity cannot be accounted for by any of the facts we have so far mentioned, taken alone or in the aggregate, but only by reference to the lineage system. Many factors contributed to the northsouth civil war in the postindependence period. Movement splm, south sudan s ruling political party, came to a head during a meeting of its second highest organ, the national liberation council. Portrait of a nuer youth southern sudan project in development. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. In early january, as government forces advanced towards bentiu to retake control, multiple. They speak a nilotic language classified within the eastern sudanic branch of the nilosaharan languages and are closely related to the nuer. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict kuntzelman 83 cause of southern sudans current underdevelopment is rooted in this colonial history, as colonial preference was given to the arab regions of the north, where power and decisionmaking became centralized in the northern capital of khartoum.
Empire and the nuer documents and texts from the pacification of the southern sudan 18981930 edited by douglas h. They speak an eastern sudanic language of the nilosaharan language family the nuer are a cattleraising people devoted to their herds, although milk and meat must be supplemented by the cultivation of millet and the spearing of fish. In 1932 coriat left upper nile province and served in other parts of the southern sudan until transferred to kordofan in 1935. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Publication information the main body of the publication information page contains all the metadata that hraf holds for that document author.
From north south to nuer dinka conflict endalcachew bayeh p a g e 289 unwelcomed event for north sudan. The dinka are one of the largest ethnic groups in the republic of sudan. Communal and civil war in south sudan research explorer. Nancy smithmather, mission coworker in south sudan. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudan or north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. A political power struggle between south sudanese president salva kiir and former. In 2005, the government in khartoum and the splm signed a peace agreement to end what had by then become africas longest running civil war. Conflict between dinka and nuer in south sudan ecc platform.
The patterns of the conflict underscore that political wrangling and opportunism is behind most of the violence in. South sudans civil war, which began in december 20, continued in 2016 with serious abuses against civilians by both government forces and opposition fighters despite a peace agreement signed. Nuer and dinka patterns of migration and settlement the dinka jieng and nuer nei ti naadth are the two largest ethnic groups in south sudan. The nuer of the southern sudan on ehraf world cultures. The study was conducted in gambella region of ethiopia and its adjacent regions in south sudan.
They have dominated dis cussions of the role of the prophet in nuer society, but no attempt has yet been. Building bridges between south sudans dinka and nuer. Dinka, also called jieng, people who live in the savanna country surrounding the central swamps of the nile basin primarily in south sudan. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to. Currently, conflict in south sudan appears to have ethnic character. Reconcile international brings a message of peace by the rev. They are the dinka and the nuer, the largest tribes in southern sudan.
Multiple witnesses told the human rights division that mixed groups of security forces went housetohouse killing nuer men or taking them away. There are also several dialects of nuer, although all have one written standard. Fragility and statesociety relations in south sudan reliefweb. Conflict between nomadic tribes in sudan is common, with fights breaking out over scarce resources, including grazing land, cattle and drinking water. The transitional constitution of the republic of south. Southern sudans first oil reserves were discovered in this region during the 1970s. South sudan is not the only country where communal conflicts may at times be deadlier. Less than a year after the old greater sudan split into the northern republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war.
A relatively young nuer prophet holding a spear aloft in his right hand, his face uplifted, showing the characteristic unkemptness of a prophets beard and hair. The most important need now is education which many nuer do not have. It covers an area of 38,837 sq km 14,995 sq mi and is inhabited predominantly by two ethnic groups the nuer and the dinka. Due to its geographic location and association with the greater upper nile region, unity is also known as western upper nile. Sudans war in darfur never stopped, and in the months surrounding south sudans independence, war broke out in sudans disputed abyei, as well as south kordofan and blue nile. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Pray the lord will continue to open the eyes of the nuer community to see their opportunity to trust christ for an abundant and eternal life. It is spoken by the nuer people of south sudan and in western ethiopia region of gambela. Earlier, the 1929 southern policy had authorized christian missionaries to work across the south, establishing deep roots for christian faith actors, and made english the. The president informed congress that he may take further action to support the security of u. Small arms survey hsba working paper 5 young the white army acronyms and abbreviations cpa comprehensive peace agreement gos government of sudan saf sudan armed forces splma sudan peoples liberation movementarmy ssdf south sudan defence forces sslm south sudan liberation movement about the author john young is a canadian academic who first travelled to sudan in 1986 to. Sudanese nomadic conflicts are nonstate conflicts between rival nomadic tribes taking place in the territory of sudan and, since 2011, south sudan. Dinka tribes dominate government, nuer live in mostly rural areas of south sudan.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the nuer. April 6, 2014 kampala sudan s nuer community have claimed that at least 17,6 ethnic nuers were killed across south sudan by private guards loyal to president salva kiir mayardit after. South sudans laws on marriage, separation, divorce, and related matters requires urgent reform, as almost half of south sudanese girls between 15 and 19 are married, some as young as 12. They speak the nuer language, which belongs to the nilosaharan family. In general, the nuer need very much church support, as the newly formed government of south sudan cannot fulfill all their needs. Their traditional homelands extend across the savannas and. Nuer tribal people live in the everglade and savanna country on the banks of the nile river in south sudan and ethiopia. The nuer clan is not an undifferentiated group of persons who recognize their common kinship, as are many african clans, but is highly segmented. The arabs will use these documents when they want to come to. Sources on the pacification of the southern sudan, 18981930 is a deeply useful text for all those who work on the topic of north eastern africa. Because the land is flooded for part of the year and. Many factors contributed to the north south civil war in the postindependence period. Process interrupted by britain colonizing sudan in 1890s settlement of christian missionaries in south, various religious customs still exist animists and sharia law in rural areas british fill top administrative posts with officials, ignore southern sudan and focus on educational needs of the north johnson, douglas h. The dinka jieng and nuer nei ti naadth are the two largest ethnic groups in.
The military dynamics of south sudan s ivil war enough forum presented by the enough project, the enough forum is a platform for dynamic discourse engaging critical issues, challenges and questions among thought leaders, field researchers and policy experts. Following a protracted civil war, south sudan declared independence from sudan in july 2011. They are bordered by the gawaar of ayod from the west, dinka of bor from the south west, murle from the south, anyuak from the east, jikany of nasir from the north east, dinka of ngok, and luach from the north. One of the largest ethnic groups in southern sudan, the nuer people are pastoralists who herd cattle for a living. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. Rather than an analytical piece, the monograph is a collection of various primary sources which cover the major events of the british efforts against the nuer people. Nuer prophets and prophetic traditions subsequently rebounded during sudan s two lengthy civil wars 195572 and 19832005, as thousands of nuer men and women sought refuge from unpredictable waves of violence generated by ever. It has long been recognized that the new state of south sudan. Evanspritchard gives a novapdf professional desktop 7 7 build 392 brilliant and insightful picture of an. One of the largest ethnic groups in southern sudan, the nuer people are pastoralists who herd cattle for a. Authors name as listed in library of congress records evanspritchard, e.
The nuer of the 5outhern sudan 65 different villages of the same district eventually concentrate on permanent watersupplies and share common camps. Pdf even though peace and stability anticipated to the south sudan after its independence from sudan. In his left hand by his side he holds a spear with a very large blade and another with a smaller blade, and a curved baton called dang with metal and attachments. Motivations for mobility 17 a hardship in places of origin 17 b building a good life through education 17 c economic opportunities 19 d nuer societal networks 21. Key characteristics of the economy south sudans dependence on subsistence agriculture and food aid indicates that the countrys present economic state is extremely poor. Nuer community claims 17,6 killed in south sudan violence. The nuer white army in south sudans civil war hsba for sudan. Thousands fled their homes and neighbourhoods were left emptied and often destroyed by security forces. Evanspritchard 21 september 1902 11 september 1973 was an english anthropologist who was instrumental in the development of social anthropology. After almost 40 years of war between the sudan government and southern insurgents, southern sudanese voted in a january 2011 referendum to secede from sudan. They are concentrated in south sudan, and also constitute a majority in ethiopias gambela region.
Percy coriat on the nuer percy coriat 18981960 spent nearly ten years, from 1922 to 1931, as,an administrator among the nuer, and, as the first british official who became fuily conversant in nuer,l he counts as the first administrator who could be considered an authority. Pdf evanspritchard, the nuer, and the sudan political. Pdf evanspritchard, the nuer, and the sudan political service. The nuer people are a nilotic ethnic group primarily inhabiting the nile valley. South sudan is a landlocked country of approximately 640,000km2. The analyses which leave womens work invisible serve, in. The lack of basic infrastructure, educated and skilled. It is an outsiders view and will no doubt, given the complexity of south sudan, be full of gaps and generalisations. What started as a political conflict in south sudan in december 20 has created a. The 2008 census put the population of southern sudan at 8. No one can stay without someone transnational networks. Prayer points scripture prayers for the nuer in south sudan. He was professor of social anthropology at the university of oxford from 1946 to 1970. The nuer language thok naath is a nilotic language of the western nilotic group.
The crisis in south sudan congressional research service 4 factions. The strength of the narrative is in trying to provide nuance. Nuer, people who live in the marsh and savanna country on both banks of the nile river in south sudan. The crisis in south sudan congressional research service 2 improve. The traditional marriage the nuer are a tribe of south sudan numbering about two million people. The conflict between jikany nuer and lou nuer started on march 27, 1993 in place called dualdap in south sudan.
Its economy is primarily agricultural but it is also rich in oil resources. The respondents were from affected communities, government officials and development agencies. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service 1 background south sudan emerged in 2011 as the worlds newest country, and one of its least developed. Pdf popular defence force, a governmentsponsored militia.
The 28 states system in south sudan stimson center. It serves territory controlled by the government and by the spla. On the otber hand, some families of a village may go to one camp and some to another, though the majority form a local community throughout the year. Page al madut atien is a member of the spla, which provided security for the peace conference. Building bridges between south sudan s dinka and nuer tribes in ugandas refugee camps. South sudan wikipedia welcome, south sudan, to the family of nations print burton, john w. Evanspritchard, the nuer, and the sudan political service article pdf available in african affairs 823 april 1982 with 2,623 reads how we measure reads.
We look at the traditional marriage among the nuer gawar that belongs to the nuer fangak. Introduction south sudans independence from sudan in 2011 did not resolve internal conflicts in either country. The nuer of the southern sudan universitetet i oslo. The paper explores the ways in which womens work had changed by the 1970s in response to increased male labor migration and to local incomeearning opportunities. Pray that the lord will raise up qualified nuer pastors and teachers, and they will be well established in the faith. Machar and kiirgarang but intimately concerned with dinkanuer. Dinka and nuer, the languages of the two major tribes of southern sudan most affected by internal displacement. The nuer are a nilotic people whose lives are organized around their cattle. Numbering some 4,500,000 in the early 21st century, the dinka form many independent groups of 1,000 to 30,000 persons. Evanspritchard, in full sir edward evan evanspritchard born september 21, 1902, crowborough, sussex, england. From 1991 to 1995, these disagreements led to widespread unrest between the fragmented groups of the dinka and nuer populations. Ifmurderiscommitedinthenorthern sudan,compensationshallnotbemadeunless concretesupportingevidence,documentsandwitnessesareproducedthrough.
Nuer are geographically located in the heartland of the upper nile towards the eastern region of jonglei state in southern sudan. The dinka are the largest ethnic group in the country. Nuer mobility and the ethiopia south sudan border 11 identity, mobility and international borders 11 impact of the international refugee regime 2. Even though peace and stability anticipated to the south sudan after its independence from sudan, conflict and instability continue to be the order of the day in the country. Original publisher african political systems, edited by meyer fortes and e. Among the nuer pastoralists of southern sudan, womens work in subsistence production has been substantial. In october 2015, south sudans president salva kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 constitutionally established. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. Health, reproduction, and work feminist researchers attempts to analyze the social importance of womens work have led to a radical rethinking of economic categories, such as wage labor versus private, domestic labor. Pdf the return of displaced nuer in southern sudan. Their traditional homelands extend across the savannas and marshes of the greater bahr elghazal and upper nile regions and are transected by numerous.
Nuer tribal people live in south sudan and ethiopia. The major factions reconciled in the early 2000s, although several smaller southern militias have continued to operate. In addition to eransprhchards own writings about his fieldwork, the bulk of the biographical material in this article is taken from the central records office cro, khartoum, files civsec 1121, visits of professor seligman and mr. Evanspritchard i write shortiy of the nuer because i have at ready recorded a considerable part of my ob servations on their political constitution and the whole is about to be published as a book.
455 99 1466 1232 1396 729 189 73 1377 725 1459 949 195 1240 759 788 516 279 1384 1131 691 96 1161 234 883 1206 1015 527 373 1501 1198 955 427 75 1210 1081 106 498 688